I had a spare 5 gallon tank and I had been toying with the idea of doing up a planted tank with fish, and going semi high-tech with a DIY CO2 kit. And some people might ask “Is DIY CO2 really worth the trouble?”, or frequently you will see on forums and FB groups that DIY CO2 is a waste of time.
Content
Why I chose DIY instead of a pressurised CO2
Advantages
- Low initial cost
- Ingredients can be purchased locally, and stocked up.
- Ingredients are everyday item and can be used for other purposes. (Your wife will never complain if you stock them up!)
- No down time. Whenever I run out of ingredients, I can get the system up and running away shortly.
- Shoe Leather Cost. Refilling CO2 tank at the nearest LFS is 16km away. Imagine the time and fuel cost.
- You may not be free the following day when your CO2 runs out. You may not even be free for the entire week!
Disadvantages
- Low capacity compared to Pressurised System’s 2 month running time. (unless it’s the high pressure DIY CO2 canister)
- Low CO2 pressure. You will find atomizer impossible to be used with DIY setup.(unless it’s the high pressure DIY CO2 canister)
- Inconsistent CO2 releases. Sometimes when I leave my house, it is doing a respectable 4~5 bubbles per CO2. But when I got home, it is doing maybe 1~2 bubbles per second.(unless it’s the high pressure DIY CO2 canister)
- Need to replenish the bottles and it can get a little messy sometimes (but much easier than yeast/baking soda formula)(unless it’s the high pressure DIY CO2 canister)
- Higher running cost in the super long run. (unless it’s the high pressure DIY CO2 canister)
The high pressure DIY CO2 Canister has non of the inherited problems of the two bottle system
Choosing your preferred kit
After researching online for days I settled for a DIY CO2 kit that is quite popular on Aliexpress and Amazon. Cost just around US$22 with free international shipping from AliExpress.
1st Generation
2nd Generation
The single greatest advantage of this kit is you can actually shut it off at night! It will not explode like the yeast + baking soda recipe. In addition, the reaction is immediate. Squeeze the bottle, vinegar got pumped into baking soda, and you get CO2 and pressure build-up immediately. No need to wait for fermentation.
There are cheaper variants around but I settled on this because it has a brace that can secure the soda bottles so it is easier to carry around when doing maintenance. And it looks much cleaner.
The kit came with all the tubes attached so there is really nothing else to setup. The only thing you need to do is to screw the soda bottles in and attached the outlet tube to the kit and to your bubble counter/diffuser.
Update: May 2019
Improved Version: Aluminium Kit with Solenoid and Bubble Counter
This kit was released by ZRDR Aquarium and is constructed of aluminium! Basic kit comes with just the brace, pressure gauge, and valve control and cost just $15 with free worldwide shipping!! WTF!?!. Kit B comes with bubble counter and cost $18 with free shipping as well. Complete kit comes with additional electric solenoid!
Citric Acid or Vinegar?
Either citric acid or vinegar will work. From my experience, citric acid is a more concentrated acid than vinegar and it is less pungent.
Vinegar on the other hand does not require mixing and shaking. It is also cheaper and easier to come by. Citric acid sold in supermarket can be extremely expensive.
If you decide on using citric acid, the formula remains the same as recommended.
If you want to try vinegar as a substitute, here’s the formula:
Baking Soda 400g +
Man-made/artificial vinegar 1L
That’s it!
You do not need to mix the vinegar with any water.
You do not need to mix the baking soda with water as well!
The cost is well under US$3. The 400g baking soda cost me just US$1.30 and I purchased a 5L white vinegar at my local supermarket for a mere US$4. My latest mix has past 10 days and I predict it can surpass 15 days, no sweat. If I increase the baking soda to 800g I am pretty certain it can last 1 month.
Singapore Reader Note: So far I discovered that only Giants @ Vivocity sells the 5L white vinegar. You can still get the 3L pack from a reasonable size Giants. The smaller Giants are only selling small bottles. Citric can be purchased from Poon Huat. They are a bakery chain stores and 500g citric acid powder cost about SGD$5.
How To Set Up - Using Vinegar
You will need to get two empty soda bottles. I am using 1.5L bottles. They MUST be from soda drinks. From what I learned, soda bottles are manufactured to withstand higher pressure than your normal non-carbonated drinks.
Pour 400g of baking soda powder into one bottle. No need to mix with water. Just raw powder form. (Okay, 400g maybe too much! 200g~300g will be perfect for smaller bottles.)
Screw the bottle containing the baking soda into the socket with the tube that DOES NOT have the ball-head. Make sure it is tight. Be careful not to over screw and risk damaging the threads and O-ring
Pour 1L of vinegar into the second bottle. You can adjust the amount of vinegar according to your bottle size or needs. BUT DO NOT FILL MORE THAN 1L or you will cause the baking soda bottle to be overfilled later on, and the vinegar/water mixture will end up being pump into your tank!
Screw the bottle containing the vinegar into the socket with the tube that has the ball-head. Make sure it is tight as well.
Attach one end of the long tubing to the outlet that is on the screw valve.
Next, estimate how long you will need to run the tube from your bottles to the tank. Cut off the excess.
Then cut the tubes into sections so you can connect your check-valve, bubble counters, and diffuser.
How to Start the reaction
Once everything is connected you are ready to start the reaction.
Make sure the outlet valve is open. Then give the bottle with the vinegar bottle a really hard squeeze.
When the vinegar touches the baking soda powder, the reaction is immediate!
You will need to give the vinegar bottle a handful more squeezes before the reaction can be self-sustained.
- Once you see vinegar started flowing without your intervention it is time to shut the valve.
Now let the pressure build up. Keep squeezing the vinegar bottle until you cannot squeeze any more. Yes! That’s how much pressure we need to build up. I would take a break and come back again later.
The pressure gauge is a bit tiny and I have trouble reading it under dim light some times. Getting old. At 1.5 reading you can slowly release the valve.
If everything went well, you can see the diffuser fizzling immediately.
Troubleshooting
If even after releasing the valve all the way until it came out and there is still nothing coming out of the the diffuser, DO NOT PANIC!
Insufficient acid injection
Sometimes the reaction is not sufficient. Unscrew the bottle containing the baking soda SLOWLY but not completely. Keep unscrewing slowly until you hear gas escaping hizz. Immediately vinegar will be drawn into the baking soda bottle resulting in more reaction and more CO2. Screw the baking soda bottle back immediately.
Pressure insufficient to push through check valve
The DIY CO2 pressure is kinda low for some check-valve. Loosen the check-valve. Keep loosening. And then you will get a rush of CO2 into your bubble counter! The feeling will be tremendous! Lol.
If your bubble counter comes with check-valve, loosen until water starts to leak from it. Then gently tighten it until there is no more leak. If there is still no movement, use your finger to give the bubble counter a good knock.
I will try to upload some videos later on. Let me know if this works 😉
Acid bottle finished just after 1 day
Well when you woke up to find your citric acid solution gone over to the baking soda solution bottle overnight it usually means a leak has developed. The most likely culprit is the rubber O ring was torn and could not keep the CO2 trap.
Fragile O Ring
Unscrew your bottle and inspect the transparent O ring. This O ring is extremely fragile and can tear when screwing your bottle in. It can also becomes dry and disintegrate easily when exposed to citric acid.
Remember to always rinse it well during every bottle change, or best if you can soak it in water.
The problem is known to the manufacturer and as such the kit will come with a couple of spare O rings.
How to squeeze a few more days of CO2 out of your kit
Towards the end of your CO2 generation, you can shake your bottle a bit and that will stir up any unused baking soda and create more CO2.
And also, use a reactor! Towards the end of your CO2 production the pressure will become too low to power your diffuser.
By using a CO2 reactor you the remaining pressure can still give you a few more days of usage!
Hi I read your post on diy co2 with interest. How many days of co2 can your bottles generate?
Hi,
For my 75 gallon tank running uncountable (probably 4 bubbles per second) it last about 7 days.
For my 20 gallon tank it last about 10 days running 2 bubbles per second.
For my 5 gallon tank it last about 14 days running 0.5 bubbles per second.
But every now and then I need to stir the bottle with the baking soda to “re-activate” the chemical reaction.
I have now become used to maintaining the bottles that all it took me was 5 minutes to discharge the old solution, add new baking soda, add new vinegar, reattach the tube and get it going again.
Thank you for the prompt reply. Do you have a picture of your setup? I have not decided on the recipe – sugar or vinegar with baking soda. Was hoping to get at least some co2 to last for 1 month
Hi Nathan
I will take a few photos of my setup later tonight when I get home.
For sugar/baking soda method, there is a delay between initializing and pressure building up due to the fermentation process requires time. For vinegar or citric acid with baking soda, the chemical reaction is instantaneous. You get CO2 immediately. And you can safetly shut off the CO2 supply without running the risk of an explosion.
As for getting it to last 1 month, it will not be possible. Thisbis because of the inherent nature of this setup.
As the vinegar or citric acid reacts with the baking soda, water is the byproduct. So eventually you will have so much water as byproduct that fresh vinegar entering the baking soda bottle will be so diluted that chemical reaction will no longer take place.
I’ve uploaded video of my setup. You can check it out.
Very nicely done- thank you. I have some confidence now to set it up for my tank!
Hi Chi Siang, thanks for the detailed description, it is really helpful. I have set up my own DIY CO2 based on your guide, and have a few questions for your advice:
1) Do you have a problem of the baking soda settling at the bottom of the bottle, and packed tightly such that the vinegar only reacts with the top layer, leaving the bottom baking soda unreacted? I find this to be the case for me, and I need to shake the bottle to get the reaction going again.
2) I use a baking soda/water mixture, and I see your guide saying no water is required. Any reason why no water is required? I would think that by dissolving some of the baking soda in solution, the reaction would be better. I use about 200g baking soda + 200ml water, so probably only half is dissolved i.e. reached saturation point
3) For a DIY CO2 setup, is it recommended to use a ceramic diffuser (this is what I’m using now but I get algae grow on it) or can I use a stainless steel one like this:
https://www.ebay.com/itm/Aquarium-CO2-Diffuser-Carbon-Dioxide-Atomizer-For-Fish-Tank-Aquarium-Accessories-/222641462765
Thanks and look forward to your advice!
1) I had the same problem of getting a crust on top as well and some shaking usually will resolve the issue. You can try having adding water to baking soda to alleviate the issue.
2) I found out that if I use baking soda dissolved in water the reaction is less volatile and the pressure buildup is much lesser than using just dry or moist baking soda. And after a just two or three days the baking soda solution will become so diluted that the reaction is very inefficient.
3) unfortunately for this setup the pressure buildups is only sufficient to power a ceramic diffuser. But trust me ceramic diffuser is very efficient. Just need to place the diffuser under your filter outlet! Or you can get a CO2 reactor which doesn’t require much pressure to operate!! Algae on ceramic diffuser is common, and a pain. I get algae on my atomizer as well.
Thanks for your quick reply! Will try as you suggested, cheers!
Hi,
I recently tried using a DIY CO2 generator that I made out of airline tubing, a 1 gallon milk jug, and a yeast/baking soda/water solution. I used
1. Tablespoon yeast
2. 2 cups sugar
3. 1 pinch baking soda
However, a few days after setting up, I see a lot of bubbles rising to the surface of the jug, which I presume to be a sign that CO2 production is happening, but I see no bubbles coming out of the end of the airline tubing in the tank. I don’t think there are any leaks (I don’t hear any). I do see that sometimes a little yeast-sugarwater solution is expelled out of the jug and accumulates here and there in the airline tubing. What is the issue and how can I solve it?
Thanks,
Sean B
Hi Sean
Unfortunately I have no experience in yeast sugar baking soda reaction.
I decided to go Citric Acid baking soda route because you can stop the reaction when the CO2 flow is closed. For yeast sugar way you need to let the reaction run 24/7.